Refactoring is a disciplined technique for restructuring existing computer code without changing its external behaviour. Its primary goal is to improve the nonfunctional attributes of the software, such as its readability, maintainability, and complexity, making the code more understandable and easier to modify. Originating from the software development process, refactoring is an integral part of agile methodologies and is considered essential for keeping the codebase clean and efficient.
The process involves making small, incremental changes that systematically enhance the structure of the code. These modifications do not add new functionality but are aimed at simplifying the design, removing redundancies, and ensuring that the code adheres to principles of good software design. Common refactoring techniques include renaming variables for clarity, breaking down large functions into smaller, more manageable pieces, and eliminating duplicate code.
Refactoring is often done in conjunction with testing, specifically unit testing, to ensure that no existing functionality is broken during the process. This combination of refactoring and testing helps maintain the software's integrity, allowing developers to improve the codebase continually while keeping the application stable and reliable.
By investing in refactoring, development teams can reduce technical debt, improve software quality, and make the codebase more adaptable to future changes or enhancements. This proactive approach to code management is crucial for sustaining high development velocity and ensuring that the software remains robust, scalable, and easy to maintain over time.